Hyperpigmentation is a broad term that refers to a skin condition in which the skin is discoloured and darker than normal, surrounding skin. Hyperpigmentation can arise from a wide range of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including genetic traits, hormonal imbalance, natural aging, injury, and UV damage. Skin darkening is a result of an excessive production of pigment in the particular area and depending on the cause, may be temporary or permanent.

There are various forms of hyperpigmentation including solar lentigines (sun spots), pigmented nevi (moles), post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, cafe au lait macules (birthmarks), melasma and epidermal nevus. It is important to identify the type and cause of the hyperpigmentation for optimal results.